What is it and why does it matter for my health?

 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as “acid reflux” or “heartburn”, occurs when stomach contents escape from the stomach and move into the esophagus (the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach). 

 Normally, there are a group of muscles called a “sphincter” that keep the opening between the esophagus and stomach closed, which prevents the reflux. However, various situations can cause the sphincter to relax when it should not, which can allow the stomach contents to flow back up into the esophagus. 

 The contents of the stomach are very acidic. The stomach can withstand the acidity due to numerous modifications, including a layer of mucous that protects the stomach from acid. The esophagus, however, does not have this protective mucous layer. Therefore, when stomach contents enter the esophagus, it is painful and damages the esophagus. Left untreated for many years, GERD can damage the esophagus repeatedly, increasing the chance of developing esophageal cancer. 

What will it do to me?

 With GERD, you may experience: 

• • burning sensation after big meals 
• • difficulty swallowing 
• • sour taste at the back of the mouth 
• • foul breath 
• • sensation of a lump in your throat 
• • new or worsening asthma 
• • new or worsening cough 
• • disrupted sleep 

What makes it worse and what will make it better?

This article was created by a 4th year medical student at the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry as part of the Diagnostics & Therapeutics Course. These articles are meant to serve as tools to be used by patients, caregivers, and physicians. The goal is to promote open and honest dialogue between patients and physicians to promote a better understanding.