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When the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells

 

The Latin word “polycythemia” means “many blood cells”. Polycythemia vera (PV) occurs when the number of red blood cells in your bloodstream is higher than normal because the bone marrow is producing too many of them.

Who gets PV?

PV can occur in all age groups, but it is more common in older adults. It is slightly more likely to occur in men than women.

What causes PV?

PV is a type of cancer of the bone marrow. It is slow-growing and less aggressive compared to other cancers. The abnormal bone marrow starts producing too many red blood cells.

The change in the bone marrow is caused by genetic changes (mutations). Risk factors for these genetic mutations may include:

  • Older age
  • Exposure to intense radiation
  • Family history of certain blood cancers

It is important to know that in some cases, PV can progress to other types of bone marrow cancers, such as leukemia.

What will it do to me?

Early symptoms

Some people with PV have no symptoms.

Other people have symptoms such as:

  • Feeling itchy, especially after a warm bath or shower
  • Burning sensation in the hands/feet
  • Red skin colour
  • Headaches or changes in your vision
  • Fevers and night sweats
  • Reduced appetite (feeling full)
  • Weight loss
  • High blood pressure

Blood clots

The higher concentration of red blood cells makes your blood thickerthan normal. This puts you at higher risk for developing blood clots.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT:)This happens when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins of your leg.

Pulmonary embolism (PE):This happens when a blood clot forms in your lung.

Heart attack:This happens when a blood clot forms in a blood vessel supplying the heart.

Stroke:This happens when a blood clot forms in a blood vessel supplying the brain.

What can I do?

PV is a lifelong condition. Although it is not curable, people with PV can live normal and active lives for many years. Treatment of PV focuses on relieving symptoms and lowering your risk of blood clots.

Phlebotomy

Phlebotomy means removing some blood from the body. This takes away the extra red blood cells, so your blood isn’t thick and sluggish anymore. This lowers the risk of developing a blood clot. It may also relieve some of your symptoms.

 

Medications

  • Hydroxyurea:This slows down the production of red blood cells.
  • Blood thinners:These include Aspirin, Warfarin (Coumadin), and others. They lower your risk of blood clots and they can also relieve some symptoms.
  • Antihistamine:This relieves itchiness.

 

Quit smoking

Smoking increases your risk of blood clots. Ask your doctor about options that may help you quit smoking, such as the nicotine patch or gum. It’s never too late to quit!